Three of the most commonly used fabric antistatic methods
In view of the possible ways of charge loss and the main factors affecting the antistatic effect of fabrics, the effect and conduction of the above-mentioned charge dissipation should be strengthened in the actual static elimination. In combination with the mechanism of static electricity generation and the leakage law of static electricity, there are mainly three kinds of antistatic properties of fabrics. Common method
First, the chemical modification method
The fiber-forming high polymer is blended, copolymerized, graft-modified to introduce a hydrophilic polar group, or an antistatic agent is added inside the fiber to prepare an antistatic fiber. The common feature is to improve the moisture absorption of the fiber and accelerate the dissipation of the charge. The manufacture of textiles from antistatic fibers, or the mixing of higher proportions into conventional synthetic fibers, eliminates the problem of static electricity during processing and use, but still takes the high-humidity environment as a necessary condition for charge dissipation.
Second, the dispersion of leakage to eliminate static electricity
For synthetic fiber fabrics, the electrical conductivity of the fabric can be increased by lowering the specific resistance. The method of reducing the specific resistance is mainly to use a surfactant to hydrophilize the fiber or fabric to improve the hygroscopicity of the fiber, thereby reducing the specific resistance of the textile, accelerating the charge dissipation, dispersing the charge, and dissipating the electric charge through the passage, leakage, and static elimination. . The antistatic effect of such a method is difficult to preserve for a long time, has poor washing resistance, and does not exhibit antistatic properties under low humidity conditions. Further, in order to reduce the amount of static charge generated, an antistatic oil agent applied at the interface of the textile material enables There is insufficient, direct friction and contact between the materials, which reduces the transfer of charge. Another mechanism is that the hydrophobic end of the surfactant molecule is adsorbed on the surface of the fiber, the hydrophilic group points to the space, forms a polar interface, adsorbs water molecules in the air, reduces the surface specific resistance of the fiber or fabric, and accelerates charge dissipation. This is the main way most antistatic agents work. Another way in which the antistatic agent works is ionization. The ionized antistatic agent itself has good electrical conductivity. The oil molecules are ionized under the action of surface water molecules, which significantly improves the conductivity of the fiber surface. At the same time, the charge can be eliminated by neutralizing the surface charge.
Third, corona discharge elimination electrostatic method
The fabric is made of a material in which the textile fibers and the conductive fibers are uniformly mixed in the fabric. Conductive material-coated conductive fiber coated with a conductive material such as a metal fiber, a carbon fiber, or a conductive polymer, or a conductive material coated with a conductive material such as carbon black, and a carbon black or a metal compound high polymer obtained by composite spinning Conductive material composite conductive fiber. The application of conductive fibers makes the antistatic effect of textiles significantly and durable without being affected by environmental humidity, and can be applied to special functional textiles such as antistatic overalls. The use of different electrostatic sequences, blending or interlacing different fibers to achieve the purpose of reducing static electricity.
The application and development of conductive fibers in the above three methods are the development direction of antistatic products, and at present, more and more people pay attention and attention. However, there are many issues in the application that need further exploration. For example, the antistatic mechanism of conductive fiber weaving, the evaluation method of antistatic property of conductive fiber fabric, etc., have yet to be further studied and discussed.