Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection Operations for Electronic Products
I. Overview
Generally speaking, operation refers to activities performed by people using their own limbs or tools and equipment according to certain procedures and technical requirements on a material object. ESD protection operation specifically refers to the requirement that, during operation, particularly in activities such as processing, manufacturing, installation, transportation, failure analysis, bundling, packaging, labeling, etc., of electronic products, people must adhere to specific ESD protection procedures and methods when handling products with their hands or tools, in order to minimize the resulting electrostatic hazards.
To achieve the above objectives of ESD protection operation, four basic conditions are typically required simultaneously:
1) Well-trained operators wearing anti-static clothing, shoes, hats, and anti-static wrist straps.
2) Tools, instruments, materials, and processing equipment and meters that meet anti-static performance requirements.
3) Controlled and satisfactory environmental conditions, including humidity, temperature, air pressure, electromagnetic fields, and grounding.
4) A set of effective and consistently implemented management systems and operating procedures and methods. The above four conditions summarize the various subjective and objective elements for achieving electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection operations, reflecting the integration of people and materials, and software and hardware. Without these four conditions, ESD protection operations are impossible.
II. Concept of ESD Protection Operating System
The ESD protection (commonly known as anti-static) operating system mainly refers to condition 2) above, which is the main material basis for achieving ESD protection operations. my country's aerospace industry standard QJ1950-90, "Technical Requirements for Anti-static Operating Systems," defines an anti-static operating system as "the general term for the facilities and tools required to establish a protected area and perform protective operations according to anti-static requirements."
"Protected area" refers to a specific area constructed and equipped with necessary ESD protection materials and equipment to limit the electrostatic voltage below the sensitivity level of ESD-sensitive components specified in the standard. Its specific term in the field of ESD protection is "eSD protection working area," commonly known as the anti-static working area. It is a specific location for achieving ESD protection operations, a man-made three-dimensional space for ESD protection operations.
III. Configuration of Electrostatic Discharge Protection System
Given the varying requirements for electrostatic discharge protection system configurations across different standards and documents, our company, whose primary customer base is electronics factories, mainly includes the following:
1) Antistatic safety workbenches (including antistatic workbench mats, antistatic floor mats, antistatic wrist straps, etc.)
2) Antistatic component boxes (bags) or antistatic transport boxes
3) Grounding tools and equipment
4) Ionizers and other protective equipment
The specific configuration of each electrostatic discharge protection material should be based on meeting the actual operational protection needs of electrostatic sensitive products. It should form a closed-loop operational protection system with interconnected processes and closed-loop connections, without any loops.