The electrostatic hazard is so big, how is it produced?
In the dry season, when you open the door, there is occasional electric shock. This is electrostatic discharge (ESD). When you feel an electric shock, the static voltage on your body has exceeded 2000 volts! When you see the discharge spark, the static electricity on your body is as high as 5000 volts! When you hear the discharge sound, the static electricity on your body is as high as 8000 volts! However, many modern high-speed VLSIs are damaged by static electricity that is only a few tens of volts or less. That is to say, when you touch these circuits, you have neither felt nor seen or even heard the electrostatic discharge, the circuit is partially damaged or completely damaged, and you may still be looking for its hardware or software. . You may not realize that it is the "ghost" of static electricity. Before the middle of the last century, the phenomenon of static electricity was like a performance in the Science and Technology Museum. It was just an interesting physical phenomenon; however, static electricity has now become a terrorist in the high-tech modern industry.
In recent years, there have been many major fatal accidents caused by static electricity. In the military industry sector, electrostatic discharge causes accidental explosion of rockets (bombs); in the petrochemical industry, electrostatic discharges cause gasoline to explode and burn; in the electronics industry, electronic components are damaged, and only the United States suffers losses from the electronics industry every year due to static electricity. It is worth tens of billions of dollars. Another form of electrostatic hazard is the danger of electrostatic force. The electrostatic dust suction effect will affect the quality of the product. In the large-scale integrated circuit production, the chip yield is greatly reduced due to static electricity. Paper is difficult to align due to electrostatic attraction during printing, reducing production efficiency. In addition, electrostatic discharge also produces strong electromagnetic interference, which is very wide, from low frequencies to several gigahertz. This strong electromagnetic field has a short duration of action but its intensity is much stronger than the electromagnetic field radiated by the mobile phone, which may interfere with the normal operation of some devices.
The electrostatic hazard is so big, how is it produced? Any substance is composed of atoms, and the basic structure of atoms is protons, neutrons and electrons. Scientists define protons as positive, neutrons without electricity, and electrons with negative charge. Under normal conditions, the number of protons of an atom is the same as the number of electrons, and it is positively and negatively balanced, so it shows an uncharged phenomenon. However, due to external effects such as friction or the action of various energies such as kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, etc., the positive and negative electric currents of the atoms are unbalanced. The friction in daily life is essentially a process of constant contact and separation. In some cases, static electricity can be generated without friction, such as induction of electrostatic electrification, thermoelectric and piezoelectric electrification, Helmholtz layer, and jet electrification.
Any two objects of different materials can generate static electricity if they are separated after contact, and the flowing air can of course generate static electricity. Why does static air generate static electricity? Because air is also made up of atoms, it can be said that static electricity can be generated at any time and anywhere in our lives. It is almost impossible to completely eliminate static electricity, but some measures can be taken to control static electricity so as not to cause harm. For different environments, different protection objects have different protection methods and measures. There are many ways to reduce static electricity to reduce the danger of static electricity. For example, some static electricity protection equipment and measures are used to control the static electricity of the human body and the environment. Workers can wear anti-static clothing and shoes and lay anti-static ground. In addition to good static control hardware measures, there must be static control software measures, this is the static control management and certification system and anti-static knowledge training. There are special static control managers in many departments abroad.
On the other hand, some measures can be taken when designing the circuit to improve the antistatic ability of the product.
Static electricity has many hazards. Can static electricity be used as well? The answer is yes, using static electricity to benefit humanity. What everyone knows most is that electrostatic copying is now widely used. Electrostatic dust removal has the advantage of high efficiency. Nowadays, many air purifiers use static electricity to absorb small dust in the air and purify the air. In agriculture, the use of electrostatic spray can greatly improve efficiency and reduce the use of pesticides, which is both economical and environmentally friendly. There are many applications of static electricity, such as electrostatic treatment of seeds with strong disease resistance, reduced disease occurrence, and high germination rate, increased yield; ozone generated by electrostatic discharge is a strengthening agent, has a strong bactericidal effect; electrostatically treated water It can both sterilize and not scale. Electrostatic electret film can also treat a variety of soft tissue damage, it has the effect of promoting blood circulation, reducing inflammation and swelling. Static electricity can also be used for spraying, and the housing of electrostatic household appliances such as washing machines and refrigerators is very uniform.
In short, the mysterious thing of static electricity, although we can't see it with the naked eye and can't touch it by hand, but static electricity is constantly being produced and disappeared around us. It is both harmful to human beings and can be used by human beings.