5 major industries' requirements for clean room environment
In recent years, with the development of modern science and technology and the continuous deepening of a new round of industrial revolution, developed countries have implemented re-industrialization strategies one after another. Digital and intelligent technologies have profoundly changed the production mode and industrial form of the manufacturing industry. Together with major breakthroughs in new materials and new energy technologies, it will trigger a new round of technological and industrial changes.
Especially in the processing and production process of high-tech products, how to meet the requirements of precision processing, miniaturization of products, high purity (high quality), high reliability, etc., and put forward more details on the cleanliness level in the production environment. High demands. On the other hand, with the development of modern biomedicine, the requirements for the control of the number of bacteria and microbial contamination in clean rooms have also been continuously improved to ensure that medical medicine, biological research, food production and other industries are free from microbial contamination or infection.
Industrial clean technology and biological clean technology will surely develop rapidly along with the development of science and technology and the rapid development of industrial products, and become one of the indispensable important technical symbols of modern industrial production and scientific experiment activities.
At present, clean technology has been widely used in various industries or other environmental control requirements to prevent particle pollution and microbial pollution. Due to the large gap between various industries and different requirements, the content and indicators of the control environment are different. The following is a summary of the requirements of common industry clean technology.
1. Clean room requirements for the production of pharmaceutical products
Drugs are special products used to prevent, treat diseases and restore and adjust body functions. Their quality is directly related to human health and safety. If some drugs are contaminated or cross-contaminated by microorganisms, dust particles, etc. during the manufacturing process, unexpected diseases and hazards may occur.
2. Clean room requirements in medical applications and medical research
In the industrial environment control represented by integrated circuits, industrial clean technology and industrial clean rooms are mostly used; in medicine, biological clean rooms are mostly used for microbial pollution control. In a biological clean room, these microorganisms are mostly composed of bacteria and fungi, with a particle size of 0.2um or more. Common bacteria have a particle size of 0.5um or more, and most of them are attached to other particles. Biological pollution channels not only pass through the air, but are also related to the human body and the clothing of the operators.
In the field of medical research, biological laboratories, sterile laboratories, and "specially raised animals" breeding rooms for biochemistry and medical experiments also need to control microbial contamination.
3. Clean room requirements for the production of precision machinery and fine chemical products
With the development of science and technology, the production and processing of many industrial products place extremely high requirements on the dust concentration in the production environment, which requires a certain level of air cleanliness in the production environment and various related substances required to control the production process. Quality of supply. For example, in film production, if the film is contaminated by dust, the emulsion will be oxidized, the activity will be weakened, and the pH will change, which will affect the film's photosensitive performance.
4. Clean room requirements for semiconductor and integrated circuit production
The purification of semiconductor materials is an important basis for the development of semiconductor devices. Due to the process requirements of large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits, in order to obtain high-purity silicon materials, the high purity of raw materials and intermediates and the cleanliness of the production environment have become a prominent problem affecting product quality.
The yield of integrated circuit chips is related to the defect density of the chip, and the defect density of the chip is related to the number of particles in the air. Therefore, the rapid development of integrated circuits not only has extremely high requirements for controlling the size of particles in the air, but also needs to further control the number of particles; at the same time, there are also related requirements for the chemical pollution control of the VLSI production environment.
5. Clean room requirements for cosmetics and food production
Modern cosmetics mostly contain protein, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, etc. These components provide favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of bacteria, molds and other microorganisms. Therefore, microbial contamination is an important factor affecting the quality of cosmetics. The control objects of the clean room used in the cosmetics production process are mainly dust particles and microorganisms, which are similar to the clean room requirements for the production of pharmaceuticals. At present, the air cleanliness level of the clean room for cosmetics production can be carried out in accordance with the GMP regulations of pharmaceuticals.
In the production process of food factories, strict management of facilities is an important means to ensure the safety and sanitation of food and prevent food poisoning caused by pathogenic coliforms and salmonella or the mixing of mold in beverages. From the 1990s to the present, WHO and some developed countries introduced the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system and formulated a food production recognition system that uses hygienic management of the production process.
The clean room is inseparable from the electronics, pharmaceutical, bioengineering, medical and health, food, cosmetics and military industries. It provides a controlled environment that meets the needs of production and directly affects the quality of products. However, because various industries have inconsistent requirements for the degree of cleanliness of clean rooms, relevant standards should be followed when designing clean rooms to ensure that the clean environment meets the required standards.