Pallet material selection
(1) Selection of tray materials
1. Select trays of different materials according to the usage environment
Temperature: The trays of different materials have the normal temperature range. The different operating temperatures will directly affect the choice of pallet manufacturing materials. For example, the temperature of the plastic tray should be controlled at -25°C-40°C, and the use range of wooden pallets. Wide range, good wood is not affected by temperature. Moisture: Some materials such as wooden pallets and paper trays have strong hygroscopicity and should be avoided in humid environments, otherwise it will directly affect their service life. Use environmental cleanliness: Consider the degree of contamination of the pallet by the environment in which it is used. In environments with high levels of pollution, it is important to choose trays that are resistant to contamination and easy to clean, such as plastic pallets, steel pallets, and composite pallets. Special requirements for the material of the pallet: The cargo carried by the pallet is sometimes corrosive, or the cargo carried requires the pallet to have a high degree of cleanliness. In this case, a plastic pallet with high corrosion resistance or a treated wooden pallet is selected.
2. Select trays of different materials according to the specific use of the tray
Whether the goods carried by the pallets are used for export: in many countries, the packaging materials used for imported goods are subjected to fumigation and insecticide treatment. Therefore, the trays used for export should be selected as far as possible by synthetic or heated, pressurized and other deep processing. Wood pallets made of wood materials such as plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, etc. or simple plastic pallets, metal pallets, paper pallets. Whether the pallets are used on the shelves: pallets used for stacking shelves should be rigid, non-deformable, and highly loaded pallets, such as steel pallets, wooden pallets, and plastic pallets with metal inserts.
(2) Choice of tray size
Pallets are directly related to the products being transported, containers, shelves, cargo platforms for transport vehicles, and handling facilities. The size of your pallets is the basis for considering the size of other five or six equipment. In particular, in order to establish an effective pallet utility system, it is necessary to use pallets of uniform specifications, and pallet standardization is a prerequisite for consistent pallet operations. The current ISO international pallet size standards are as follows: Specifications Dimensions Common Use Area Remarks 1200*100 (mm) European Rectangular 1200*800 (mm) European Rectangular 140*1140 (mm) Australian Square 40”*48” (inch) American Rectangular 1100*1100(mm) Asian Square 1067*1067(mm) Australian Square Considering the versatility of pallets in the future, you should choose the trays of these specifications as much as possible, so that the pallets can be exchanged and used in the future. Due to the long-term formation of its own packaging size, there are some different requirements for the size of the tray, but in the long run, the international size should be selected. In addition, you should consider the factors to choose the size of the tray.
1. Consider the specifications of transportation and transportation equipment.
The appropriate pallet size should be sized to the size of the vehicle, making full use of the space of the vehicle and saving on transportation costs, especially considering the size of the container and the truck's cabinet.
2, to consider the packaging specifications of the pallet loaded in the goods
According to the packing specifications of the pallet loading goods, the pallet can be maximized by selecting the appropriate pallet according to the packaging specifications of the pallet loading goods.
Surface area. A reasonable tray size can achieve 80% surface area utilization.
3, to consider the use area of the tray
The flow direction of the pallets loaded with the goods directly affects the choice of tray size. Generally, goods going to Europe should be selected from 1200*1000 or 1200*800 pallets; for goods going to Japan and South Korea, 1100*1100 pallets should be selected; for goods going to Austria, 1140*1140 goods 1067*1067 pallets should be selected. For goods destined for the United States, choose a 40"*48" tray.
(3) Selection of the tray structure
The mechanism of the tray directly affects the efficiency of the use of the tray, and the suitable structure can fully utilize the characteristics of handling and storage of high-efficiency operations.
1. The tray is used as a floor board, that is, the tray is not moved after the goods are loaded, but the function of dampproofing and waterproofing is easy, and the structure is simple.
Lower cost pallets. Such as simple wooden pallets or simple plastic pallets, but you should pay attention to the static load of the pallet when using.
2. For pallets used for transportation, handling, loading and unloading, it is necessary to select trays with high strength and large dynamic loads. Since such pallets are used repeatedly and used in conjunction with forklifts, the strength of the pallets is required to be high, and the structure of the pallets is required to be a type or a Sichuan type.
3. Select whether to select a single-sided tray or a double-sided tray according to whether the pallet is to be stacked after being loaded with the goods. Since the single-sided pallet is only a bearing surface, it is not suitable for stacking, otherwise it will easily cause damage to the lower cargo. If you need to stack after loading the goods, try to choose a double-sided tray.
4. If the tray is used on the shelf of the stereo library, consider whether the structure of the tray is suitable for the code on the shelf. Usually, since the goods can only be loaded from the shelves in two directions, the trays for the shelves should be selected from the four-sided forks as much as possible, so that the forklift can fork the goods and improve work efficiency. Such trays generally have a land-shaped structure.
(4) Selection of pallet load bearing
The maximum weight that the forklift can allow to lift at one time: the static load refers to the maximum weight that the lowermost pallet can bear in the pallet, and the overhead load refers to the load on the shelf. If it is used on the shelf, be sure to pay attention to the difference between the dynamic load and the overhead load. The national standard for deflection is 30mm, but this standard is obviously wider. The flexibility of our simple use on the shelf is not more than 20mm. If it is an auto-stereoscopic library, this requirement is stricter.
(5) Other factors to be considered
When used in a cold storage, the plastic tray becomes brittle: the life of the tray with too much recycled material is reduced; the hollow blow molding tray is more suitable for the chemical industry; the plastic tray is more economical than the wooden pallet in terms of long-term cost.