Electrostatic protection of microelectronic devices
Microelectronic devices are called electrostatic sensitive devices in the industry. Generally speaking, microelectronic devices such as field-effect devices and bipolar devices have weak antistatic capabilities, and the static electricity of the human body or the device itself is sufficient to cause damage to the device. If there is no protection, microelectronic devices are likely to lose their functions due to static electricity, which affects product quality. Generally speaking, microelectronic devices are very sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Due to the small size of the microelectronic device, it is difficult to judge whether it has failed from its appearance. The only way is to detect their specific parameters and conditions through technical measurements, and judge whether the microelectronic devices are intact. Therefore, it is very important to improve the anti-static measures of microelectronic devices in packaging, transportation, storage and use.
Characteristics of electrostatic hazards:
Concealment: Unless electrostatic discharge occurs, the human body cannot directly sense static electricity, but the human body may not feel an electric shock when electrostatic discharge occurs, because the electrostatic discharge voltage sensed by the human body is 2-3 KV.
Latentness: The performance of some electronic components is not significantly reduced after being damaged by static electricity, but multiple cumulative discharges will cause internal damage to the components and form hidden dangers.
Randomness: Under what circumstances will electronic components be damaged by static electricity? It can be said that all processes from the generation to damage of a component are threatened by static electricity, and the generation of these static electricity is also flexible.
Complexity: The failure analysis of electrostatic discharge damage is time-consuming, laborious, and costly due to the fine, thin, and tiny structural features of electronic products. It requires high technical requirements and often requires the use of high-precision instruments such as scanning electron microscopes. Even so, some electrostatic damage phenomena are difficult to distinguish from damage caused by other causes, making people mistakenly believe that electrostatic damage failure is other failures. This is often attributed to early failures or failures under unknown conditions before the damage caused by electrostatic discharge is fully understood, thus unconsciously covering up the real cause of the failure.
Microelectronics electrostatic protection:
Operator: People are the biggest source of static electricity. People's movement and work will generate static electricity, and electrostatic discharge may occur when they come into contact with or approach microelectronic devices. To reduce the personnel factor, you must wear anti-static clothing, gloves, and anti-static shoes, wear an anti-static wristband/foot ring, and be reliably grounded. Develop good working habits, and stay away from static-sensitive products without anti-static measures or incomplete measures.
Equipment: In order to improve the production capacity of enterprises, automation equipment is used in many processes, and the operation of these equipment will generate a lot of static electricity. In the processing of microelectronic devices, various processes will release static electricity, and a large number of microelectronic devices will fail. All equipment, instruments, workbenches, stools, and shelves must be reliably grounded. Moving trolleys, etc. must also be connected to the ground by installing electrostatic discharge.
Material: Use antistatic/electrostatic materials in the operating environment to make the work surface, turnover/packing box.
Environment: The generation of static electricity is directly proportional to the environmental humidity, that is, the higher the humidity, the less static electricity will be generated. However, a high-humidity environment is prone to rust and corrosion. Considering comprehensively, the humidity of the general electronics production workshop is maintained at 30%-70%RH. In addition, an ion fan can also be used to neutralize static charges.