Static Electricity Issues with LEDs
1. Hidden: The human body cannot directly perceive static electricity. Even when static electricity discharge occurs, the body may not feel a shock. This is because the human body perceives static electricity discharge voltages of 2-3 kV. In most cases, static electricity damage to LED devices can only be discovered through testing or actual use.
2. Latent: Static electricity discharge can cause sudden or latent failure of LEDs. Sudden failure results in permanent failure, such as a short circuit. Latent failure can degrade LED performance parameters, such as increased leakage current. Generally, there is no cure for the hidden dangers of static electricity damage to GaN-based LEDs.
3. Complexity: In the case of static electricity discharge, the source of the discharge is space charge, so the energy it stores is limited. Unlike an external power source, which has the ability to continuously discharge, it can only provide short-term, localized breakdown energy. Although the energy of static electricity discharge is relatively low, the discharge waveform is complex and difficult to control. Furthermore, LEDs are extremely delicate, making failure analysis challenging. This can easily lead to mistaking ESD failures for other failures. Without a full understanding of ESD damage, people often attribute these failures to premature or unexplained failures, thus unconsciously masking the true cause of the failure.
4. Severity: Potential ESD failures only cause partial parameter degradation. If these parameters do not exceed the acceptable range, damaged LEDs may pass final testing unnoticed, leading to premature failures. This is a highly damaging consequence for manufacturers at all levels. ESD occurs rapidly and with extremely high intensity. When the discharge current flows through the LED's PN junction, the Joule heat generated locally melts the dielectric between the chip's PN terminals, causing a PN junction short circuit or leakage.
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